Inhalaatiosteroideja

Inhalaatiosteroideja, or inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), are a class of medications primarily used to manage chronic inflammatory conditions of the airways, most notably asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They work by reducing inflammation in the lungs, which helps to prevent symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing.

These medications are administered directly into the lungs via an inhaler, allowing them to act locally with minimal systemic absorption. This targeted delivery helps to reduce the risk of side effects commonly associated with oral corticosteroids. Regular use of ICS is crucial for long-term control of these respiratory conditions. They are not intended for immediate relief of acute symptoms, which are typically managed with rescue inhalers containing bronchodilators.

Commonly prescribed inhaled corticosteroids include budesonide, fluticasone, beclomethasone, mometasone, and ciclesonide. They are often used in combination with long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs) in a single inhaler for enhanced symptom control in moderate to severe asthma and COPD. While generally safe and effective when used as directed, potential side effects can include thrush (oral candidiasis), hoarseness, and throat irritation. Rinsing the mouth with water after inhalation can help minimize the risk of oral thrush. Long-term use at high doses may rarely be associated with systemic effects, but this is significantly less common than with oral steroids. Healthcare professionals prescribe and monitor the use of inhaled corticosteroids to ensure optimal treatment outcomes and patient safety.