Infrastrukturbetrieben
Infrastrukturbetrieben are organizations responsible for the development, operation, and maintenance of essential infrastructure and related services that support public life and the economy. They cover networks and facilities for transportation, water and wastewater, energy supply, and waste management, and increasingly digital communications. In many contexts they are municipal utilities or regional providers owned by cities or public authorities, though mixed ownership and private participation also occur in liberalized sectors.
Functions include planning and investment, daily operation of networks, asset management, service delivery, and ensuring reliability
Governance and funding: most are owned by public authorities and governed by elected bodies or public boards.
Examples include municipal utilities running local electricity, water, and heating networks; public transport operators; wastewater and
Key challenges include aging assets and financing, the transition to low-carbon energy and transport systems, digitalization