Informasjonsinnkapsling

Informasjonsinnkapsling, also known as encapsulation, is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming (OOP) that involves bundling the data (attributes) and the methods (functions or procedures) that operate on the data into a single unit called a class. This bundling helps in hiding the internal state of the object from the outside world and only exposing a controlled interface for interacting with the object. The primary goal of informasjonsinnkapsling is to achieve data abstraction and to prevent unauthorized access and modification of the data.

In encapsulation, the data members of a class are typically declared as private, meaning they cannot be accessed directly from outside the class. Instead, public methods, known as getters and setters, are provided to access and modify the data. This ensures that the internal representation of the data can be changed without affecting the code that uses the class.

Encapsulation also helps in maintaining the integrity of the data by allowing the class to enforce rules and constraints on how the data can be modified. For example, a class might include validation logic in its setter methods to ensure that only valid data is assigned to the attributes.

In summary, informasjonsinnkapsling is a key principle of OOP that promotes modularity, reusability, and maintainability of code by encapsulating data and behavior within classes and controlling access to the data through well-defined interfaces.