Industriesektor

Industriesektor is a term used in economics to describe the part of the economy that transforms raw materials into goods and provides industrial services. It encompasses manufacturing, mining and quarrying, utilities, and construction, and is often contrasted with the primary sector (agriculture and extraction) and the tertiary sector (services). In many economies the industrial sector includes both durable and nondurable goods manufacturing, as well as energy production and infrastructure services.

The sector plays a central role by adding value through processing and assembly, driving investment, productivity, and export earnings. It tends to be capital-intensive and highly sensitive to global demand, commodity prices, and exchange rates. Employment in the industrial sector varies with economic cycles and technological change.

Sub-sectors are typically classified by industry groups (for example, steel, automotive, chemicals, electronics, machinery, and building materials). Data are often collected using international classifications such as ISIC or NACE to measure output, employment, and investment.

Key trends shaping the contemporary industrial sector include automation and digitalization (Industry 4.0), globalization and offshoring, energy-transition decarbonization, and supply-chain resilience. Environmental and safety regulations, skilled labor, and access to capital influence competitiveness.

Policy makers seek to support the sector through infrastructure investments, innovation subsidies, vocational training, and measures to improve energy efficiency and reduce emissions. While services have grown in many economies, the industrial sector remains essential for manufacturing capability, infrastructure, and sustainable growth.