Induktio

Induktio is a term found in several languages to denote induction, a broad concept with applications in logic, mathematics, and physics. It encompasses several distinct ideas that share the core notion of deriving or inducing effects from underlying patterns or fields.

In logic, inductive reasoning draws general conclusions from particular observations. It underpins scientific inquiry by suggesting hypotheses and theories from data, but unlike deductive reasoning, its conclusions are not guaranteed to be true in every case.

In mathematics, induction is a proof technique used to establish statements about natural numbers. The standard form combines a base case with an inductive step: if a statement holds for 1 and, whenever it holds for n it also holds for n+1, then it holds for all natural numbers. This method is a foundational tool in number theory and combinatorics.

In physics, electromagnetic induction describes the generation of an electric current in a conductor caused by a changing magnetic field. Faraday’s law quantifies the induced electromotive force, and Lenz’s law gives the direction of the induced current. This phenomenon underpins technologies such as electrical generators and transformers, enabling the conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy and the transfer of power.

In electrical engineering, inductance is the property of a circuit to oppose changes in current, measured in henries. An inductor stores energy in a magnetic field, with energy E = 1/2 L I^2. Coils and other inductive components are essential in filters, timing circuits, and power management.

Related uses include induction heating and inductive sensing, where changing currents or magnetic fields interact with objects without direct contact.