Imunodeficience

Imunodeficience refers to a state where the body's immune system is weakened or not functioning properly, leaving an individual more susceptible to infections and certain diseases. This deficiency can affect different parts of the immune system, including the cells that fight off pathogens or the antibodies that neutralize them.

There are two main categories of immunodeficience: primary and secondary. Primary immunodeficience, also known as inborn errors of immunity, are genetic disorders present from birth. These can range in severity and may affect specific immune functions. Examples include severe combined immunodeficience (SCID) and common variable immunodeficience (CVID). Secondary immunodeficience develops later in life due to external factors. Common causes include malnutrition, certain medications (like chemotherapy or immunosuppressants), chronic infections such as HIV/AIDS, and conditions like cancer or diabetes.

Symptoms of immunodeficience vary depending on the underlying cause and severity but often include recurrent or persistent infections, infections that are unusually severe or prolonged, and a slow recovery from illness. Individuals with immunodeficience may also experience chronic diarrhea, failure to thrive in infants, or autoimmune disorders. Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and specific laboratory tests to assess immune cell counts, antibody levels, and immune system function. Treatment aims to manage infections, prevent future ones, and, in some cases, replace missing immune components or stimulate the immune system.