Imunodeficenca

Imunodeficenca refers to a state where the body's immune system is weakened or not functioning properly, leaving it vulnerable to infections and diseases. This deficiency can be congenital, meaning it is present from birth, or acquired, developing later in life. Congenital immunodeficiencies, often called primary immunodeficiencies, are typically caused by genetic mutations that affect the development or function of immune cells. There are over 400 known primary immunodeficiency disorders, each with varying severity and symptoms. Acquired immunodeficiencies, or secondary immunodeficiencies, result from external factors that impair the immune system. Common causes include certain medical treatments like chemotherapy or radiation therapy, chronic illnesses such as HIV/AIDS, malnutrition, and the use of immunosuppressant drugs.

The symptoms of immunodeficiency can range from mild to severe and often include recurrent or persistent infections that are difficult to treat. These infections can affect various parts of the body, including the lungs, sinuses, skin, and digestive system. Other signs may include delayed growth and development in children, chronic diarrhea, autoimmune disorders, and an increased risk of certain cancers. Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and specific laboratory tests to assess the number and function of immune cells, as well as antibody levels. Treatment strategies depend on the underlying cause and severity of the immunodeficiency and may include prophylactic antibiotics or antiviral medications, immunoglobulin replacement therapy, and in some severe cases, stem cell transplantation. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for preventing serious complications and improving the quality of life for individuals with immunodeficenca.