Immunstörungen

Immunstörungen, also known as immune system disorders, occur when the immune system malfunctions. This malfunction can manifest in several ways. One category is immunodeficiency, where the immune system is weakened and unable to effectively fight off infections. This can be primary, meaning it's present from birth due to genetic defects, or secondary, acquired later in life due to factors like HIV infection, malnutrition, or certain medications.

Another major category is autoimmunity, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own healthy tissues. This can affect various organs and systems, leading to conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. The immune system erroneously identifies self-antigens as foreign invaders and mounts an inflammatory response against them.

Hypersensitivity reactions, or allergies, represent a third type of immune disorder. In these cases, the immune system overreacts to otherwise harmless substances (allergens) like pollen, certain foods, or animal dander. This exaggerated response can lead to symptoms ranging from mild skin rashes to life-threatening anaphylaxis. These disruptions highlight the complex and delicate balance required for a properly functioning immune system.