Igel

Igel, or hedgehog, is a small to medium-sized mammal known for its spiny protective coat. Hedgehogs belong to the family Erinaceidae, subfamily Erinaceinae, and occur in a range of habitats across parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa. They are typically found in woodlands, grasslands, hedgerows, and sometimes urban gardens.

Hedgehogs are primarily nocturnal and solitary. They feed mainly on invertebrates such as insects, worms, snails, and slugs, but will also consume fruits and occasionally eggs. They rely on a strong sense of smell and hearing, while vision is relatively limited. When threatened, a hedgehog can roll into a tight ball, presenting its spines outward as a defense. Spines are keratinous and deters most predators; they do not sting or inject venom.

Reproduction varies by species but generally occurs in the warmer months in temperate regions. After mating, gestation lasts roughly one month, yielding litters of several young. Hedgehog youngsters, or hoglets, are born blind and without developed spines; they rapidly grow spines within days to weeks and are weaned after a few weeks. In the wild, lifespans are typically several years, though mortality from predation and disease is common; hedgehogs can live longer in captivity with proper care.

Conservation status varies by region and species. Habitat loss, pesticide use, fragmentation, and road traffic can threaten local populations. In many areas, hedgehogs remain a common and familiar garden visitor, valued for natural pest control. In captivity, some species such as the African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) are kept as exotic pets under specialized care.