ITis

itis is a suffix used in medical terminology to denote inflammation of a specific organ or tissue. The term originates from Greek and is widely used in English to name diseases characterized by inflammatory processes. When attached to a root naming the affected part, it forms nouns such as gastritis (stomach), dermatitis (skin), arthritis (joints), tonsillitis (tonsils), sinusitis (sinuses), hepatitis (liver), colitis (colon), bronchitis (airways), and conjunctivitis (conjunctiva).

Usage and interpretation: The -itis suffix generally signals inflammation, which can result from infection, autoimmune conditions, allergic reactions, injury, or irritants. Symptoms vary by site but often include pain, redness, swelling, heat, and reduced function. Not all -itis terms imply infection; some represent chronic or noninfectious inflammatory states, and in some cases the term reflects historical naming rather than a precise pathophysiology.

Diagnosis and treatment: Evaluation typically involves medical history, physical examination, and targeted tests such as laboratory assays or imaging. Treatment focuses on the underlying cause and the inflammatory response, and may include anti-inflammatory medications, corticosteroids in certain conditions, antibiotics if an infection is present, or supportive care. In some cases management requires addressing environmental triggers, rehabilitation, or surgical intervention.

Note on scope: While -itis broadly denotes inflammation, some terms are historical and may not reflect current pathophysiology. The suffix is a productive part of medical language, used across specialties to name many inflammatory conditions.