Hypotensioa

Hypotensioa is the term used in some languages, notably Finnish, for hypotension, the condition in which blood pressure is lower than normal. Clinically, hypotension is often defined as a systolic pressure below 90 mm Hg or a diastolic pressure below 60 mm Hg, but what is considered too low depends on the individual and symptoms.

Hypotensioa can be acute or chronic. Acute hypotension may result from dehydration, blood loss, infection (sepsis), heart attack, allergic reaction, or medications such as antihypertensives. Chronic hypotension may accompany dehydration, endocrine disorders, heart failure, severe malnutrition, or neurological conditions. Orthostatic hypotension, a common subtype, involves a drop in blood pressure on standing and may cause dizziness or fainting.

Symptoms of hypotensioa include dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting, blurred vision, fatigue, or confusion. In severe cases, reduced blood flow can threaten organ function and lead to shock if not addressed.

Diagnosis involves repeated blood pressure measurements in different positions and evaluation for underlying causes. Tests may include blood counts, electrolytes, kidney and thyroid function, ECG, and imaging if indicated. Treatment targets the underlying cause. For asymptomatic hypotension, monitoring may suffice. For symptomatic or dangerous cases, management may include fluid resuscitation, adjustment of medications, compression stockings for orthostatic hypotension, gradual position changes, and ensuring adequate hydration and, when appropriate, salt intake; alcohol should be limited.

The prognosis varies. In healthy individuals with naturally low blood pressure, hypotensioa may cause few problems. When caused by disease or blood loss, prompt treatment is essential to prevent organ injury.