Hypopigmentaatiot

Hypopigmentaatiot refer to patches of skin that are lighter than the surrounding skin because the production or distribution of melanin is reduced. They can affect any body area and may vary in size, shape, and duration. Hypopigmentation is different from complete depigmentation, as the pigment is not fully lost.

Causes of hypopigmentaatiot can be congenital or acquired. Congenital causes include conditions such as albinism, where melanin synthesis is reduced from birth. Acquired causes are more diverse and include post-inflammatory hypopigmentation after skin injury or inflammation (for example following eczema, acne or dermatitis), infectious processes such as pityriasis versicolor (tinea versicolor), and certain medications or systemic diseases. Infections like leprosy can produce hypopigmented patches with altered sensation. Some physical injuries, burns, or scar formation may also leave pale patches. In many cases, the underlying mechanism is reduced melanin production, loss of melanocytes, or uneven melanin distribution in the epidermis.

Clinical presentation typically includes one or more well-defined pale patches that are lighter than adjacent skin, which may be asymptomatic or mildly itchy. Wood’s lamp examination and dermoscopic features can aid evaluation; a skin biopsy may be performed if the diagnosis is uncertain or to differentiate from other pigmentary disorders.

Management depends on the underlying cause. Treating the cause (for example antifungal therapy for tinea versicolor or avoiding triggering inflammation) can improve the appearance. In some conditions, light therapy, topical agents, or cosmetic camouflage may be used. Sunscreen and sun protection are advised to prevent contrast with sun-exposed skin. Prognosis varies; some patches gradually repigment, especially after inflammation subsides or with therapy, while others may persist.