Hypnotize

Hypnotize is to induce hypnosis, a trance-like condition of focused attention, increased suggestibility, and reduced peripheral awareness. It is typically achieved through guided relaxation, selective attention, and verbal suggestion, either by a practitioner or through self-hypnosis.

The term derives from Greek hypnos. In the 18th century, Franz Mesmer's animal-magnetism popularized the concept; the modern term hypnosis was coined by James Braid, who distinguished it from Mesmerism. Distinctions exist between clinical hypnosis used for therapy and stage hypnosis used in performances.

The precise mechanisms are debated. Explanations emphasize social role expectation, selective attention, and dissociation; neuroimaging shows activity changes in attention and control networks during trance. Responsiveness to hypnosis varies among individuals and can be measured by susceptibility scales.

Clinically, hypnosis is used as an adjunct for pain control, anxiety, phobias, sleep disorders, smoking cessation, and some forms of psychotherapy. It can aid in childbirth, dental procedures, and managing stress. Self-hypnosis is taught for relaxation and behavior change. Stage hypnosis is entertainment and relies on audience participation and susceptibility.

When performed by trained professionals, hypnotic procedures are generally safe but not without risk. Hypnosis does not enable people to reveal hidden memories reliably, and it should not be used to extract information or coerce actions. It requires informed consent, and ethical practice includes avoiding false memories and ensuring non-coercive use.

Hypnosis remains a subject of ongoing research and debate regarding its efficacy and mechanisms.