Hypertrichoosi

Hypertrichoosi, also called hypertrichosis in many languages, is a rare condition characterized by excessive hair growth that cannot be explained by normal variation. The hair may be coarser or more widespread, affecting areas such as the face, trunk, and limbs. It is distinct from hirsutism, which refers to excess hair growth in androgen-dependent patterns, typically in women, and often linked to hormonal causes.

The condition can be congenital or acquired. Congenital hypertrichoosi may be generalized or localized and includes subtypes such as congenital generalized hypertrichosis lanuginosa, where abnormal hair growth is present from birth. Acquired hypertrichoosi can develop later in life and is sometimes associated with medications, nutritional deficiencies, systemic illness, or malignancy.

Causes are diverse. Many congenital cases arise from genetic mutations or inherited syndromes. Acquired forms may be linked to drugs that stimulate hair growth, metabolic or endocrine disorders, malnutrition, or severe illness. The underlying mechanism varies and is not always known.

Diagnosis relies on medical history and physical examination, with attention to onset, distribution, and associated symptoms. Differential diagnosis includes hirsutism and other hair disorders. Laboratory tests may assess testosterone and other androgens, thyroid function, and metabolic status; genetic testing is considered in selected cases.

Treatment is individualized and often focused on cosmetic management, as there is no universal cure. Options for hair removal include shaving, waxing, electrolysis, and laser therapy. Addressing any underlying condition is important in acquired cases. Psychological and social support can be beneficial given the possible impact on quality of life.

Prognosis varies; congenital hypertrichoosi is typically persistent, while acquired forms may improve if the underlying cause is addressed. The condition remains rare, and comprehensive data on prevalence are limited.