Hydroxyethylcellulose

Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) is a water-soluble, nonionic cellulose ether used as a thickener and rheology modifier in a wide range of products. It is produced by etherification of cellulose with ethylene oxide, yielding hydroxyethyl substituents on the cellulose backbone. The degree of substitution and molecular weight vary by grade, influencing solubility, solution viscosity and gelling behavior.

In aqueous solutions, HEC forms clear to slightly opalescent viscous pastes. Viscosity is highly dependent on concentration, temperature, and the presence of electrolytes or other additives; HEC solutions exhibit shear-thinning (pseudoplastic) flow and are generally stable over a broad pH range in neutral to mildly alkaline systems. The material is compatible with many formulation ingredients and is nonionic, which reduces risk of unwanted reactions with anionic or cationic components.

Applications include cosmetics and personal care products such as shampoos, conditioners, lotions, and toothpaste; household and industrial products like paints, coatings, adhesives, and cleaners; pharmaceutical suspensions and topical formulations; and certain oilfield fluids where it acts as a thickener for hydraulic fracturing or completion fluids. The choice of grade depends on the target viscosity and the intended product.

Safety and handling: HEC is regarded as of low toxicity and is widely used in consumer products. It is supplied as dry powder or viscous solutions and should be stored in a dry, cool place in sealed containers to prevent moisture uptake. As with all polymers, exposure to dust should be minimized and products should be used according to the supplier’s safety data sheet.