Hvittkappehypertensjon

Hvittkappehypertensjon, also known as benign intracranial hypertension (BII), is a condition characterized by increased pressure within the skull, specifically in the subarachnoid space, without any underlying structural abnormalities. This condition is often referred to as "pseudotumor cerebri" due to its symptoms, which can mimic those of a brain tumor. The exact cause of hvittkappehypertensjon is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to an imbalance between the production and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

The primary symptom of hvittkappehypertensjon is a gradual onset of headaches, often described as a constant, dull pain that worsens with physical activity and improves with rest. These headaches can be severe and may be accompanied by visual disturbances, such as blurred vision, double vision, or a "curtain" or "veil" in the field of vision. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.

Diagnosis of hvittkappehypertensjon typically involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests. These may include a lumbar puncture to measure CSF pressure, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to rule out structural abnormalities, and visual field testing to assess for any visual disturbances.

Treatment for hvittkappehypertensjon focuses on managing symptoms and reducing intracranial pressure. This may include lifestyle modifications, such as weight loss, regular exercise, and avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms. Medications, such as diuretics or acetazolamide, may also be prescribed to reduce CSF production. In some cases, a shunt procedure may be recommended to divert CSF from the subarachnoid space to the venous system, thereby reducing pressure.