Hugging

Hugging is an act of wrapping arms around another person in an embrace, typically to convey affection, warmth, comfort, greeting, or congratulations. A hug can be brief (a quick squeeze) or prolonged (a bear hug). It is a common social gesture across many cultures, though norms vary in terms of frequency, duration, and who participates. The English word hug dates from the Middle Ages; the exact etymology is uncertain, but the term has long referred to a physical embrace.

Cultural and social context: In many Western countries, hugs among friends and family are routine, while in some cultures physical displays of affection may be more limited in public, and same-sex hugs may be restricted by norms. Gender, age, and relationship affect how and when hugging occurs.

Physiological and psychological aspects: Embracing triggers the release of hormones such as oxytocin, which can promote bonding, reduce stress, and foster a sense of safety and belonging. Hugs may also affect heart rate and mood. Some individuals prefer less or no physical contact, or may feel uncomfortable; consent and mutual responsiveness are important.

Variations and contexts: In addition to everyday social use, hugs appear in comforting and therapeutic settings, and variations include side hugs, group hugs, and long-distance virtual hugs. Hugs can be extended in a range of contexts, from casual greetings to consoling a grieving person.

History and culture: Hugging is depicted in literature and art as a symbol of care and human connection. Regional differences in practice and etiquette influence how, when, and with whom hugs are offered.