hug

A hug is a gesture in which two or more people wrap their arms around each other and hold for a period of time. It commonly conveys affection, comfort, support, congratulations, or greeting.

Hugs vary in style. A bear hug involves full-body contact and a firm hold; a side hug uses one arm and is more discreet; a group hug has several participants encircling each other.

Social and cultural contexts influence how hugs are given and received. In many Western cultures, hugging is a common greeting among friends and family; in some East Asian or Middle Eastern cultures, physical affection in public may be more restrained, and hugging rituals may differ.

Psychological and physical effects: hugs can trigger the release of oxytocin and endorphins, reduce cortisol, lower perceived stress, and improve mood. They can also convey empathy and social support. Reactions vary by individual and situation.

Etiquette and consent: not everyone is comfortable with close physical contact. It is generally appropriate to ask for permission or look for nonverbal cues before initiating a hug. People may decline and should be respected.

History and etymology: the act exists in many cultures throughout history. The exact etymology of the word hug is uncertain; hugging as a social practice occurs in many cultures across time.