Homofoni

Homofoni, or homophony in music theory, refers to a texture in which a single primary melodic line is supported by accompanying harmony. In a homophonic passage, the voices or parts move together to form vertical chords rather than independent melodic lines. The term is used to distinguish this texture from polyphony and from monophony.

Key characteristics include a clearly dominant melody, with subordinate voices or chords providing harmonic support. The accompaniment typically follows the rhythm of the main melody, creating a unified musical line. The texture can range from simple chordal support to more elaborate patterns such as arpeggios or pattern-based figures.

Common contexts for homophony include hymns and chorales, folk and popular songs, and much of classical vocal music. In these settings, the melody stands out and the harmony provides color and drive. In contrast, polyphonic textures feature multiple independent melodies, while monophony presents a single melodic line with no harmonic accompaniment.

Notational practice often places the melody in the top voice, with the lower voices or staff providing chords or a harmonic backdrop. In many instruments, the accompaniment is realized as chordal harmony or rhythmic figures that reinforce the melody.

Historical notes: Homophony has been a dominant texture in Western music since the late Renaissance and became especially prevalent in Baroque, Classical, and Romantic vocal and instrumental works. It remains the prevailing texture in most contemporary pop, film scores, and many concert pieces.