Homem

Homem is a Portuguese noun meaning an adult male human being. It is used to refer to male persons, distinguishing them from mulher (adult female). In broader or historical contexts, “o homem” can also denote humankind, as in general statements about people.

Etymology and related terms: homem derives from Latin homo, meaning “man” or “human being.” The word shares its root with related forms in other Romance languages, such as Spanish hombre and French homme. The Portuguese form includes an initial h and the final -em, typical of its development from Latin.

Usage and distinctions: The term is used in a wide range of expressions, such as um homem de negócios (a businessman) or homem de palavras (a man of his word). It denotes adult status; younger males are typically described as rapaz or garoto. In more formal or respectful speech, the noun can be paired with senhor to emphasize adulthood and respect.

Biology and gender: Biologically, an adult male is generally associated with the chromosomal pattern XY and with male reproductive anatomy and secondary sex characteristics developing at puberty. Contemporary discussions distinguish sex from gender identity, recognizing variations in how individuals perceive and express masculinity beyond biological attributes.

Culture and society: Across cultures, the concept of the homem encompasses roles, responsibilities, and expectations relating to work, family, and behavior. In modern Portuguese-speaking societies, conversations about gender equality and masculinity influence how the term is used and understood in everyday language and discourse.