Hodenentzündung

Hodenentzündung, also known as orchitis, is an inflammation of one or both testicles. It can cause pain, swelling, and tenderness in the scrotum. The condition can arise from various causes, most commonly infections. Bacterial infections, particularly sexually transmitted infections like gonorrhea and chlamydia, are frequent culprits. Viral infections, such as the mumps virus, can also lead to orchitis, especially in unvaccinated individuals. Less common causes include urinary tract infections that spread to the testicles, or trauma to the scrotum.

Symptoms of hodenentzündung typically include sudden onset of scrotal pain, which can range from mild to severe. The affected testicle may appear enlarged and red, and the overlying skin might feel warm to the touch. Swelling of the scrotum is also common. In some cases, fever, nausea, and vomiting may accompany the inflammation. If the orchitis is caused by a bacterial infection, a discharge from the penis may be present.

Diagnosis usually involves a physical examination by a healthcare professional, who will check for swelling, tenderness, and redness. A urine test can help identify bacterial infections. In certain situations, an ultrasound of the scrotum may be performed to visualize the testicles and rule out other conditions, such as testicular torsion, which is a medical emergency.

Treatment for hodenentzündung depends on the underlying cause. If a bacterial infection is identified, antibiotics are prescribed. For viral orchitis, such as that caused by mumps, treatment is generally supportive, focusing on rest, pain relief with over-the-counter medications, and scrotal support. Applying cold compresses to the scrotum can also help reduce swelling and discomfort. It is crucial to seek medical attention if symptoms of hodenentzündung occur to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment, as untreated infections can potentially lead to complications such as infertility.