Hjartagallar

Hjartagallar, a term originating from Icelandic, translates to "heart defects." This encompasses a broad range of conditions that affect the structure of the heart and how it functions. These defects can be present at birth, known as congenital heart defects, or develop later in life due to factors such as aging, disease, or injury.

Congenital heart defects are the most common type of birth defect, affecting approximately one in 100 newborns. They can vary in severity, from minor issues that may not require treatment to complex conditions that necessitate immediate medical intervention. Examples include holes in the heart walls, problems with heart valves, or abnormal development of the blood vessels connected to the heart.

Acquired heart defects, on the other hand, develop over time. These can be caused by conditions like rheumatic fever, high blood pressure, viral infections, or a heart attack. Acquired defects often involve damage to the heart valves, weakening of the heart muscle, or narrowing of the arteries.

Symptoms of hjartagallar can range widely depending on the type and severity of the defect. They may include shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, irregular heartbeat, swelling in the legs or abdomen, and bluish discoloration of the skin or lips. Diagnosis typically involves physical examinations, electrocardiograms (ECG), echocardiograms, and sometimes more advanced imaging techniques. Treatment options vary and can include medication, surgical repair, or lifelong management of the condition.