Határelmélet

Határelmélet, or boundary theory, is a conceptual framework within cognitive psychology and developmental psychology that explores how individuals perceive and regulate the boundaries between themselves and their environment. The theory emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between internal mental states and external reality, a process that is particularly critical during childhood development.

Developed primarily through the work of researchers such as Daniel Stern and others influenced by psychoanalytic and attachment theories, határelmélet examines how early interactions with caregivers shape an individual’s ability to form clear psychological boundaries. These boundaries influence self-awareness, emotional regulation, and interpersonal relationships. For example, a child who experiences consistent and attuned caregiving may develop a stronger sense of self-boundaries, enabling better emotional resilience and social interactions.

The theory also highlights the role of symbolic and imaginative play in helping children internalize and refine these boundaries. Through play, children explore different roles and perspectives, which aids in differentiating between their own thoughts and those of others. Disruptions in boundary formation, such as in cases of neglect or trauma, may lead to difficulties in self-regulation, identity formation, or maintaining healthy relationships later in life.

Határelmélet is often applied in clinical settings to understand and address psychological challenges, including attachment disorders, dissociation, and personality disturbances. Therapists may use boundary-focused interventions to help individuals regain a sense of self-distinction and emotional stability. While rooted in developmental psychology, the theory has broader implications for understanding human cognition, social behavior, and mental health across the lifespan.