Harelip

Harelip, also known medically as a cleft lip, is a congenital condition characterized by an incomplete joining of the upper lip. This occurs when the tissues that form the upper lip fail to fuse completely during fetal development. The gap can range from a small notch to a complete separation extending into the nostril. It can affect one side of the lip (unilateral) or both sides (bilateral).

A cleft lip can occur in isolation or in conjunction with a cleft palate, which is a similar incomplete fusion of the roof of the mouth. The exact cause of a cleft lip is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. While the condition is visible at birth, it does not typically affect a baby's overall health or intelligence.

The primary treatment for a cleft lip is surgical repair, usually performed within the first few months of a baby's life. The goal of surgery is to close the gap, restore normal appearance, and ensure proper function of the lip for eating and speaking. In many cases, a single surgery is sufficient, but some individuals may require additional procedures as they grow. Support from medical professionals, including surgeons, speech therapists, and orthodontists, is often part of a comprehensive care plan.