Hardneck

Hardneck refers to a group of cultivated garlic, Allium sativum var. ophioscorodon, commonly called stiff-neck garlic. The term contrasts with softneck garlic, Allium sativum var. sativum. A defining feature is a rigid central flowering stalk, or scape, that develops after the bulb matures.

Bulbs of hardneck garlic typically have fewer but larger cloves arranged around the central neck. Many varieties produce 4 to 12 cloves per bulb. Hardneck flavor is often described as more robust and complex than softneck types. The scapes are edible and used as a green garlic vegetable with a milder garlic flavor.

Growing in cold climates: Hardneck varieties are favored where winters are cold because of their winter hardiness and vernalization requirements. They are usually planted in fall and harvested in mid to late summer. Growers prefer well-drained soil and full sun. Scapes are often removed to promote bulb development, though some leave them for seed or culinary use.

Storage and regions: Hardneck garlic generally stores shorter than softneck varieties, typically several months under cool, dry conditions. They are widely grown in temperate regions of North America, Europe, and parts of Asia, where winter cold supports their growth.

Varieties: Examples include Rocambole, Chesnok Red, German Red, Purple Stripe, and Persian Purple; each offers different flavors, clove sizes, and colors, but all belong to the hardneck group. Hardneck garlic is popular among gardeners in suitable climates for its flavor and resilience.