Hangnail

Hangnail is a common term for a small, loose piece of skin near the base or side of a fingernail or toenail. It is not the nail itself but a torn or split bit of skin or cuticle. Hangnails can occur when the surrounding skin becomes dry, when the cuticle is damaged, or with nail-biting, aggressive cuticle care, or frequent exposure to water and detergents.

Symptoms typically include a tender, sometimes reddened or swollen area at the nail edge. If the area becomes infected, there may be increased pain, warmth, pus, or spreading redness.

Diagnosis is usually based on a clinical inspection by a health professional or based on symptoms and history. Hangnails are typically self-limiting and heal with proper care.

Treatment focuses on removing only the loose piece of skin and protecting the area. Steps include soaking the finger in warm water, trimming away the loose hangnail with clean nail scissors or clippers, and applying an antiseptic. Keeping the area moisturized and protected helps prevent recurrence. If pain or swelling develops, warm soaks and over-the-counter pain relief may help. Infected hangnails (paronychia) may require topical or oral antibiotics; medical evaluation is advised.

Prevention centers on skin and cuticle care. Regularly moisturize hands and nails, use mild soaps, wear gloves during wet work, avoid biting or picking at the nails or cuticles, and trim hangnails carefully rather than pulling on them.

Prognosis is generally good with proper care; recurrence is common if contributing factors persist.