Hammasemaili

Hammasemaili, also known as tooth enamel, is the hard, white outer layer of the teeth. It is the hardest substance in the human body, composed primarily of mineralized hydroxyapatite. This mineral structure provides teeth with their strength and resistance to wear and tear from chewing and biting. Enamel's primary function is to protect the underlying dentin and pulp from damage and decay.

The formation of enamel, a process called amelogenesis, occurs during tooth development. It is laid down by specialized cells called ameloblasts. Once teeth have erupted, enamel cannot regenerate or heal itself if damaged. This makes it vulnerable to erosion from acids produced by bacteria in the mouth, as well as from acidic foods and drinks.

Factors such as diet, oral hygiene practices, and the presence of fluoride significantly impact enamel health. Fluoride, found in toothpaste and fluoridated water, can strengthen enamel by integrating into its structure and making it more resistant to acid attacks. Conversely, poor oral hygiene and a diet high in sugar and acids can lead to demineralization, weakening enamel and increasing the risk of cavities. The color of enamel can vary slightly, but it is generally translucent, allowing the yellowish color of the underlying dentin to show through.