Halbsystemische

Halbsystemische, an adjective used primarily in German psychosocial and therapeutic contexts, refers to an approach that targets only part of a system rather than the entire system. In family and couple therapy, for example, a halbsystemische Methode concentrates on a specific subsystem, such as the relationship between two children or between parent and child, while leaving other parts of the family structure largely untouched. This selective focus is intended to reduce resistance, make interventions more manageable, and achieve quicker observable changes.

The concept contrasts with fully systemische (systemic) therapies, which view the family or group as an integrated whole and aim to modify overall interaction patterns. A halbsystemische strategy can be particularly useful when one subsystem dominates the dynamics, when time or resources are limited, or when immediate relief is required for a single member’s distress. It often employs techniques similar to those in systemic therapy—circular questioning, reframing, and genograms—but applies them only to the chosen subsystems.

Critics argue that halbsystemische interventions may neglect underlying relational contexts that maintain problems, potentially resulting in superficial solutions. Proponents maintain that by isolating the problematic units, the therapist can build confidence and skill in navigating complex relationships before expanding the focus. In practice, many clinicians blend both approaches, using a halbsystemische phase as a stepping stone toward comprehensive systemic change.