Hadaka

Hadaka is a Japanese term meaning naked or bare. In contemporary usage, it is most closely associated with Hadaka Matsuri, or naked festivals, held at various Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples across Japan. These events are characterized by participants wearing little more than a fundoshi (loincloth) and performing purification rites and ritual activities that emphasize endurance and communal renewal.

The best known example is the Saidaiji Hadaka Matsuri in Okayama City. This festival takes place annually on the third Saturday of February and attracts large crowds of participants and spectators. Participants, who are predominantly adult men, undergo a cleansing ritual before gathering in the temple precinct. The climax of the event involves the tossing of sacred wooden sticks, or shingi, into the crowd; the first person to seize a shingi is traditionally believed to receive good fortune or blessings for the year. The origin of Hadaka Matsuri is not definitively documented, but it is commonly linked to medieval purification rites with Shinto and Buddhist influences as well as agrarian traditions seeking communal vitality.

Hadaka Matsuri exists at several other sites in Japan, each with its own local customs and rules. In all cases, the festivals emphasize purification, resilience, and communal solidarity, and they are notable for their seasonal timing, display of physical endurance, and role in local cultural tourism. The term Hadaka may also appear in other cultural contexts to denote nakedness, separate from these specific festivals.