Haavakõhunäärmed

Haavakõhunäärmed is a term that translates from Estonian to "wound pancreas" or "pancreatic fistula." This condition refers to an abnormal connection or leakage of pancreatic fluid from the pancreas to another organ or the body surface, typically following an injury or surgery. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin. When its ducts are damaged, these potent substances can leak out, causing inflammation and tissue damage.

Causes of pancreatic fistulas can include blunt or penetrating abdominal trauma, complications from pancreatic surgery such as pancreatectomy or Whipple procedure, or chronic pancreatitis leading to ductal disruption. Less commonly, it can arise from endoscopic procedures or as a result of pancreatic cancer. The leakage of pancreatic enzymes can lead to severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. The fluid may collect in the abdomen, forming pseudocysts, or drain externally through a surgical incision or a wound.

Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies like CT scans or MRI to identify the location and extent of the leakage, along with laboratory tests to measure enzyme levels in any collected fluid. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the fistula. Conservative management may involve nutritional support, often with specialized diets or total parenteral nutrition, and medications to reduce pancreatic secretions. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to repair the damaged duct or drain fluid collections. Endoscopic procedures can also be used to manage certain types of pancreatic fistulas.