Haaknaalden

Haaknaalden, also known as hookworms, are parasitic nematodes that belong to the genus Ancylostoma. They are one of the most common soil-transmitted helminths, infecting an estimated 600 million people worldwide, primarily in tropical and subtropical regions. The life cycle of haaknaalden involves three hosts: the human host, the intermediate host (usually a mammal or bird), and the definitive host (usually a dog or fox).

The adult worms live in the small intestine of humans, where they attach to the intestinal mucosa using their hooked mouthparts. They feed on blood, causing anemia and malnutrition. Symptoms of infection include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. In severe cases, anemia can lead to heart failure. Diagnosis is typically made through stool examination, which may reveal the characteristic eggs of the worms.

Prevention and control of haaknaalden infection focus on improving sanitation, hygiene, and access to safe water. Treatment involves anthelmintic drugs such as mebendazole and albendazole, which kill the adult worms. However, these drugs do not eliminate the eggs, which can remain in the environment for months. Therefore, repeated treatment may be necessary to break the life cycle.

Haaknaalden infection is a significant public health problem, particularly in areas with poor sanitation and limited access to healthcare. The World Health Organization (WHO) has included it as a neglected tropical disease, highlighting the need for further research and intervention strategies.