HIVpositive

HIV-positive is a term used for a person who has been infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A person is considered HIV-positive when laboratory tests detect HIV antibodies or HIV RNA in the blood or other body fluids. HIV attacks the body's immune system, specifically CD4 cells, and if untreated can progress to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The infection can be transmitted through unprotected sexual contact, sharing needles, exposure to infected blood, or from a pregnant person to their infant during birth or breastfeeding. Some people experience acute flu-like symptoms shortly after infection; others have no symptoms for years.

With effective treatment, most people living with HIV can maintain a healthy immune system and a normal life expectancy. The standard of care is combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), which suppresses the amount of HIV in the blood (viral load) to an undetectable level. An undetectable viral load greatly reduces the risk of sexually transmitting the virus to others, a concept summarized as U=U. Ongoing medical care includes regular blood tests, monitoring of immune status, and adherence to medication.

Prevention strategies include barrier methods during sex, safe needle practices, and the use of pre-exposure or post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-negative partners. Stigma and discrimination remain challenges, and individuals have rights to confidentiality and access to care. Early testing and treatment improve outcomes and reduce transmission.