HBVinfektsioon

HBVinfektsioon refers to an infection caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). This virus primarily affects the liver, leading to inflammation and potentially serious long-term health consequences. HBV is transmitted through contact with infected blood, semen, or other body fluids, most commonly via sexual contact, sharing needles or syringes, and from mother to child during birth.

Acute HBV infection can present with symptoms such as fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dark urine, and jaundice. Many individuals, particularly children, may have no symptoms during the acute phase. While the immune system clears the virus in most adults, some people develop chronic HBV infection. Chronic infection can persist for years or even decades without noticeable symptoms, but it significantly increases the risk of developing serious liver diseases like cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer).

Diagnosis of HBV infection is made through blood tests that detect HBV antigens and antibodies. Treatment for acute HBV infection is generally supportive, focusing on managing symptoms. For chronic HBV infection, antiviral medications are available that can help suppress the virus, reduce the risk of liver damage, and prevent complications. However, these medications do not typically cure the infection.

Prevention is a key strategy against HBV. The Hepatitis B vaccine is highly effective and recommended for infants, children, adolescents, and adults at risk. Other preventive measures include safe sex practices, avoiding the sharing of needles and personal items that may have blood on them, and implementing universal precautions in healthcare settings. Screening of blood donations also helps prevent transmission.