H2Omolekyylissä

H2Omolekyylissä, often referred to simply as the water molecule, is the chemical compound composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms. Its molecular formula is H2O. The molecule is bent in shape due to the two lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen atom, resulting in a bond angle of approximately 104.5 degrees between the hydrogen atoms. This bent geometry makes the water molecule polar, with a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom and partial positive charges on the hydrogen atoms. This polarity is crucial for many of water's unique properties.

The polarity of H2Omolekyylissä allows it to form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. These hydrogen bonds are relatively weak intermolecular forces that significantly influence water's physical characteristics. They are responsible for water's high boiling point, high specific heat capacity, and surface tension. Water is often called the "universal solvent" because its polar nature enables it to dissolve a wide variety of ionic and polar compounds.

H2Omolekyylissä exists in three states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (steam or water vapor). The transition between these states is governed by temperature and pressure. The arrangement and movement of H2Omolekyylissä differ in each state. In ice, the molecules are held in a rigid, crystalline structure by hydrogen bonds. In liquid water, the molecules are closer together and can move more freely, while in steam, they are far apart and move randomly at high speeds. The presence and interactions of H2Omolekyylissä are fundamental to life on Earth.