Hüpotüreoidismi

Hüpotüreoidism, also known as underactive thyroid, is a medical condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. These hormones are crucial for regulating the body's metabolism, affecting functions such as heart rate, body temperature, and energy levels. When there isn't enough thyroid hormone, many of the body's processes slow down.

The symptoms of hüpotüreoidism can vary widely and develop gradually, making diagnosis sometimes challenging. Common signs include fatigue, increased sensitivity to cold, constipation, dry skin, unexplained weight gain, puffy face, and hoarseness. In women, menstrual cycles may become heavier or irregular. In children, it can lead to delayed growth and development.

Several factors can cause hüpotüreoidism. The most common cause in many parts of the world is Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks the thyroid gland. Other causes include thyroid surgery, radiation therapy to the neck, certain medications, and congenital conditions. Iodine deficiency can also lead to hüpotüreoidism, particularly in developing countries.

Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests that measure levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones like thyroxine (T4). Elevated TSH levels, along with low T4 levels, are indicative of hüpotüreoidism.

The treatment for hüpotüreoidism involves hormone replacement therapy, usually with a synthetic thyroid hormone called levothyroxine. This medication is taken orally, typically once a day, and effectively restores hormone levels to normal, alleviating symptoms. Regular monitoring through blood tests is necessary to ensure the correct dosage. With proper treatment, individuals with hüpotüreoidism can lead healthy lives.