Hálssýkingar

Hálssýkingar, commonly referred to as sore throats, are inflammations of the pharynx, the part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity. They are a frequent ailment, particularly in children and young adults. The primary causes of hálssýkingar are viral infections, such as the common cold or influenza. However, bacterial infections, most notably Streptococcus pyogenes (strep throat), can also be responsible. Less common causes include allergies, irritants like smoke or pollution, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Symptoms typically include pain or a scratchy sensation in the throat, difficulty swallowing, and sometimes fever. Redness and swelling of the tonsils, white patches or streaks on the tonsils, and swollen lymph nodes in the neck may also be present. Viral infections usually resolve on their own within a week to ten days. Bacterial infections, like strep throat, generally require antibiotic treatment to prevent complications such as rheumatic fever.

Diagnosis often involves a physical examination and, in cases suspected of being bacterial, a throat swab to test for the presence of Streptococcus pyogenes. Treatment for viral hálssýkingar focuses on symptom relief, including rest, fluids, and over-the-counter pain relievers. Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections. For bacterial infections, antibiotics are prescribed to eradicate the bacteria and reduce the risk of complications. Prevention strategies include good hand hygiene, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and not smoking.