Génváltozás

Génváltozás, also known as genetic mutation, refers to a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene. These changes can range from a single DNA building block (base pair) to a large segment of a chromosome that includes multiple genes. Génváltozás can occur spontaneously during DNA replication or be caused by external factors such as radiation or certain chemicals.

The impact of a génváltozás varies greatly. Some mutations have no noticeable effect, while others can lead to significant alterations in an organism's traits. Mutations can occur in somatic cells, which are all the cells in the body except for sperm and egg cells, or in germ cells, which include sperm and egg cells. Mutations in somatic cells are not passed on to offspring, but mutations in germ cells can be inherited.

Génváltozás are a fundamental source of genetic variation, driving evolution over time. They can also be responsible for genetic disorders and diseases. While often viewed negatively due to their association with disease, mutations are also essential for the diversity of life and can sometimes confer beneficial traits, aiding in adaptation to changing environments. Scientists study génváltozás to understand gene function, heredity, and the mechanisms of disease.