Gzyms

A gzyms is a projecting architectural element, typically a horizontal moulding or cornice that crowns a wall or separates sections of a façade. It serves both protective and aesthetic purposes by directing rainwater away from the vertical surface and by creating a visual transition between different parts of the building.

Gzyms can be external or internal. External gzyms mark the upper edge of a wall, the lower edge of a roof, or intermediate storey divisions, and may be plain or richly ornamented with classical motifs such as dentils, modillions, or decorative reliefs. Internal gzyms appear along ceilings, doorways, or crown spaces, contributing to rhythm, shadow, and proportion within a room.

Historically, gzyms are prominent in classical and neoclassical architecture and recur in Baroque and other historic styles. In Polish architectural heritage, they are a common feature on many facades, helping to articulate storey heights and create a sense of continuity and order in urban fronts.

Materials and construction vary widely. Traditional gzyms are made from stone or plaster (stucco) and can be carved or molded. They may also be built from brick, wood, or metal, and in modern buildings from concrete or composite materials. In restoration or replication work, gzyms are often reproduced to match original profiles, with attention to drainage, anchoring, and compatibility with adjacent architectural elements.

In summary, a gzyms is a versatile architectural element that combines functional weather protection with decorative articulation, enhancing the silhouette and readability of a building.