modillions

Modillions are a series of ornamental brackets or blocks projecting from a cornice in classical and neoclassical architecture. Each modillion is a small, carved element—often rectangular or curved—frequently decorated with foliate or scroll motifs. While they create the visual impression of supporting the eave, modillions are typically decorative rather than structural.

The term modillion derives from languages such as French and Italian, reflecting a long-standing architectural vocabulary borrowed into English. The form has its origins in ancient Roman architecture and became prominent in later revivals of classical style. In Renaissance, Baroque, and Neoclassical architecture, modillions were frequently employed to articulate the cornice line and to establish a rhythmic, horizontally organized facade.

In use, modillions are usually arranged in a continuous row beneath the projecting edge of the cornice, forming what is called a modillioned cornice. They may be carved with a range of motifs—from simple geometric shapes to elaborate foliage and scrollwork—contributing to the overall ornament and hierarchy of the facade. They are related to corbels, which also project from a wall, but modillions are specifically associated with the cornice line, while mutules refer to the rectangular blocks found along the underside of the Doric frieze.

Variations of the motif appear across different architectural languages, reinforcing the cornice’s silhouette and the building’s stylistic character. Modillions are a characteristic detail in many classical-adjacent traditions and remain a common sight in historic restoration and neoclassical design.