Gyakornoki

Gyakornoki refers to an apprenticeship in the Hungarian context—a structured program that combines on-the-job training with formal education to prepare individuals for a skilled occupation. The term comes from the verb gyakorolni, meaning to practice, with the -nyi suffix forming an adjective describing practice-based training linked to work.

A gyakornoki arrangement typically involves a contract between learner and employer, a written training plan, and instruction delivered both at the workplace and in a vocational training setting. The schedule usually alternates practical tasks with theoretical instruction, and the duration depends on the occupation and the level of qualification sought. On completion, participants receive a recognized qualification or certificate that attests to the competencies acquired.

Gyakornoki programs are part of Hungary’s szakképzés (vocational training) system. They aim to improve employability by providing hands-on skills and work-related experience, creating a direct pathway into the labor market. Programs are often offered to students in upper secondary education as well as to adults seeking re-skilling or career changes. Funding and supervision may come from public authorities, employers, or a combination thereof, reflecting collaboration between education providers and industry.

At the European level, apprenticeships are promoted as a tool to reduce youth unemployment and to align training with labor market needs, with quality standards and recognition that member states strive to apply, including Hungary’s programs.

Related topics include vocational education and training, the broader apprenticeship tradition, and dual-system models in other countries.