szakképzés

Szakképzés is the Hungarian system of vocational education and training (VET) designed to prepare individuals for skilled trades and professions. It combines classroom instruction with practical training and leads to a recognized qualification (szakképesítés). The system serves both school-age learners through secondary education and adults seeking to update or change their qualifications. In Hungary, these programs are delivered in vocational education institutions, including szakközépiskolák and szakképző iskolák, and increasingly incorporate workplace-based learning.

A central feature is the duális képzés, or dual training, where a significant portion of time is spent in partner enterprises under a training agreement and with supervision by a qualified trainer. This is complemented by school-based lessons on theory, safety, and general knowledge. Programs typically last two to four years, depending on prior education, and may include a general education component or lead to an optional secondary school leaving exam.

Completion usually requires passing a szakmai vizsga, a professional examination, after which the holder obtains a szakképesítés valid for employment in a specific occupation. The qualifications are published in the national qualification framework and used as a basis for further learning, including higher or tertiary education tracks in related fields.

Policy and funding are managed by state and industry bodies and supported by national reform efforts to align the system with European qualification frameworks and labour market needs. The szakképzés aims to improve employability, facilitate lifelong learning, and provide a flexible route for school leavers and career changers.