Gruppedynamik

Gruppendynamik, or group dynamics, is the study of the interactions and processes that occur within groups, including how groups form, develop, and function.

Originating in social psychology and sociology in the early 20th century, the field gained momentum with Kurt Lewin's work on field theory and action research, which explored how group forces shape behavior and how groups can be steered to improve outcomes.

Key concepts include stages of group development (forming, storming, norming, performing), roles, social norms, communication, leadership, decision-making, and cohesion, as well as phenomena such as conformity, social loafing, groupthink, and polarization.

Methodologies include observation, experiments, sociometric methods, and network analysis, along with interventions such as facilitation and structured processes to influence group functioning.

Applications cover organizational teams, educational settings, therapy or support groups, sports teams, and community organizations.

The field addresses practical challenges like improving collaboration, resolving conflicts, and enhancing group performance, while also noting methodological and ethical complexities in studying dynamic social systems.