Gridtied

Grid-tied, or grid-connected, refers to electrical installations that generate power while remaining connected to the public utility grid. The term is most commonly used for photovoltaic (solar) systems but also applies to other distributed generation sources such as small wind turbines. In a grid-tied setup, the goal is to offset on-site consumption and to export any excess generation to the grid, depending on local policy and electrical conditions.

A grid-tied system typically comprises photovoltaic modules, a power inverter that converts DC to AC synchronized with the grid, a means to disconnect the system, and a utility-grade meter or monitoring equipment. The grid acts as a virtual storage medium: there is usually no on-site energy storage, though some hybrid configurations add batteries for backup or power quality purposes. System operation depends on interconnection with the utility and compliance with safety and performance standards.

Inverters implement anti-islanding protection, shutting down during grid outages to protect line workers and equipment. Standards such as IEEE 1547 (and corresponding national or local codes) govern interconnection, protection, and testing. Electrical codes also address wiring, termination, and overcurrent protection.

Advantages of grid-tied systems include high efficiency and reduced electricity bills without the cost of on-site storage. The main limitation is reliance on the grid for energy storage and backup; during outages, a pure grid-tied system typically cannot supply power. Economics and incentives, such as net metering or feed-in tariffs, vary by jurisdiction and policy, influencing system sizing, payback, and grid interaction.