Gradufacturing

Gradufacturing is a term that describes the process of intentionally designing and producing goods with a predetermined, limited lifespan. The objective is to encourage consumers to purchase replacements or upgrades more frequently, thereby driving repeat sales. This concept is often contrasted with the idea of durability and longevity in product design.

The implementation of gradufacturing can take various forms. It might involve using materials that degrade over time, designing products with components that are difficult or impossible to repair, or making software obsolete through updates that are incompatible with older hardware. Planned obsolescence is a closely related concept, though gradufacturing specifically emphasizes the *manufacturing* aspect of creating products with a finite useful life.

Critics argue that gradufacturing leads to increased waste, environmental pollution, and unnecessary consumer spending. They advocate for more sustainable practices that prioritize repairability, durability, and the use of recyclable materials. Proponents, on the other hand, might argue that it fosters innovation by creating market demand for newer technologies and more efficient products. The economic implications are complex, involving manufacturers' profits, consumer costs, and the broader economic cycle of production and consumption.

---