Gnojivo

Gnojivo is a substance used to supply essential nutrients to plants, applied to soil or delivered through irrigation. Its purpose is to promote growth, improve yields, and support soil fertility. Fertilizers can be natural or synthetic and are used in agriculture, horticulture, and gardening.

Fertilizers are broadly categorized into organic and inorganic (synthetic) types. Organic options include manure, compost, bone meal, and plant residues that release nutrients as they decompose. Inorganic fertilizers are formulated to provide specific nutrient ratios, commonly expressed as N-P-K, indicating nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. In addition to macronutrients, fertilizers may supply micronutrients such as iron, zinc, and boron.

Application methods include soil application (broadcasting or banding), incorporation into soil, foliar feeding, and fertigation through irrigation systems. Before application, soil or tissue testing helps determine nutrient needs and appropriate rates. Proper timing and placement optimize uptake and minimize losses.

Benefits include faster growth, higher yields, improved nutrient balance, and support for soils with limited fertility. Potential drawbacks include nutrient leaching, groundwater contamination, soil acidification, and environmental impact from over-fertilization. Management practices aim to apply the right amount at the right time and place, using slow-release products or precision agriculture when possible.

Regulations govern labeling, nutrient content, and safety. Fertilizers are typically labeled with N-P-K percentages and may include additives to control release. Sustainable fertilization emphasizes efficiency, soil health, and minimizing environmental risks.