Glükokortikoidokat

Glükokortikoidokat, more commonly known as glucocorticoids, are a class of steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex. They play a crucial role in a wide range of physiological processes, including metabolism, immune response, and stress adaptation. The primary glucocorticoid in humans is cortisol. Glucocorticoids exert their effects by binding to intracellular glucocorticoid receptors, which then regulate gene expression.

In terms of metabolism, glucocorticoids influence carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism. They promote gluconeogenesis, the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, and increase blood glucose levels. They also have catabolic effects on proteins and fats, leading to the breakdown of these molecules. This metabolic action is particularly important during periods of stress, providing the body with readily available energy.

The immune system is significantly modulated by glucocorticoids. They possess potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. This is achieved by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators and reducing the activity and proliferation of immune cells, such as lymphocytes and macrophages. Consequently, glucocorticoids are widely used in medicine to treat inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

Glucocorticoids are essential for the body's response to stress. They help the organism adapt to stressful situations by mobilizing energy reserves and suppressing non-essential functions, such as reproduction and growth. While vital for survival, chronic exposure to elevated glucocorticoid levels can have detrimental effects on health.