Glükokortikoidok

Glükokortikoidok is the Hungarian term for glucocorticoids, a class of steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex. These hormones play a crucial role in a wide range of physiological processes, including metabolism, immune response, and stress adaptation.

The primary glucocorticoid in humans is cortisol. Glucocorticoids are synthesized from cholesterol and are released into the bloodstream in response to stress, such as physical injury, infection, or psychological pressure. They travel throughout the body and bind to specific glucocorticoid receptors found in most cells, influencing gene expression and cellular activity.

In terms of metabolism, glucocorticoids promote gluconeogenesis, the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, thereby increasing blood glucose levels. They also affect protein and fat metabolism, generally promoting catabolism (breakdown) to provide energy during stressful situations.

Immunologically, glucocorticoids are potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents. They reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inhibit the activity of immune cells like lymphocytes and macrophages, and suppress antibody production. This makes them valuable in treating inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

However, prolonged or excessive exposure to glucocorticoids, whether endogenous or exogenous (from medications), can lead to a variety of adverse effects. These can include Cushing's syndrome, characterized by weight gain, moon face, and increased blood pressure, as well as osteoporosis, impaired wound healing, and increased susceptibility to infections. Glucocorticoid medications are widely used clinically to manage conditions like asthma, arthritis, and allergic reactions, but their use requires careful monitoring to minimize side effects.