Glükokortikoidne

Glükokortikoidne refers to a class of steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex. These hormones, commonly known as glucocorticoids, play a vital role in regulating numerous physiological processes in the body. The primary glucocorticoid in humans is cortisol. Glucocorticoids are synthesized from cholesterol and their release is controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.

One of the most well-known functions of glucocorticoids is their involvement in the body's stress response. Upon encountering stress, the HPA axis is activated, leading to the secretion of cortisol. This hormone helps the body mobilize energy reserves, increases blood glucose levels, and suppresses the immune system, preparing it to deal with perceived threats.

Beyond stress, glucocorticoids are crucial for maintaining metabolic homeostasis. They influence carbohydrate metabolism by promoting gluconeogenesis (the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources) and inhibiting glucose uptake by peripheral tissues. They also affect protein and fat metabolism. Furthermore, glucocorticoids possess potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, making them valuable therapeutic agents for conditions like asthma, autoimmune diseases, and allergic reactions. However, prolonged or excessive exposure to glucocorticoids can lead to significant side effects, including osteoporosis, weight gain, and impaired immune function.