Glukoseniveauet

Glukoseniveauet refers to the concentration of glucose in the blood, an essential measure of metabolic health and energy availability for cells. It is typically reported as plasma glucose and can be expressed in millimoles per liter (mmol/L) or milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). In clinical practice, several tests are used to assess glucose levels over different timeframes.

Common measurement methods include fasting plasma glucose, where the patient has not eaten for about 8–12 hours; the oral glucose tolerance test, which measures glucose 2 hours after drinking a 75 g glucose solution; and random plasma glucose, taken at any time of day. HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) provides an average glucose level over roughly the past 2–3 months by measuring the percentage of hemoglobin that is glycated. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices track interstitial glucose levels in real time.

Normal ranges vary slightly by method and laboratory, but general benchmarks are commonly used. Fasting normal glucose is about 3.9–5.5 mmol/L (70–99 mg/dL). Prediabetes is typically identified with fasting levels of 5.6–6.9 mmol/L (100–125 mg/dL), while fasting glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) suggests diabetes. A1c values below 5.7% are usually considered normal, 5.7–6.4% indicate prediabetes, and ≥6.5% indicates diabetes. Postprandial (2 hours after a meal) glucose below 7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) is typical for non-diabetics.

Glukoseniveauet is influenced by meals, physical activity, illness, stress, and medications such as insulin or steroids. Monitoring is important for diagnosing and managing diabetes, adjusting treatment, and reducing the risk of complications. Lab values may differ slightly between countries and laboratories, so targets are individualized.