Glukosanatrium

Glukosanatrium, commonly known as sodium gluconate, is the sodium salt of gluconic acid. It is a white, crystalline powder that is highly soluble in water and used as a versatile chemical in food, cleaning, and pharmaceutical products. Its chemical formula is C6H11NaO7, and its approximate molar mass is 218.14 g/mol. It can be obtained in anhydrous form or as hydrates.

Chemical properties and behavior: Sodium gluconate acts as a chelating or sequestering agent, binding metal ions such as calcium and iron. This property makes it useful for controlling metal-induced discoloration and oxidation in foods, inks, and beverages. It is relatively stable to heat and pH changes and is compatible with many food and cosmetic formulations.

Production: Industrial sodium gluconate is produced by oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid, followed by neutralization with sodium hydroxide. It can also be prepared via fermentation using glucose-oxidizing microorganisms, after which the gluconic acid is converted to the sodium salt.

Applications: In the food industry it serves as a sequestrant, buffering agent, and stabilizer for flavors and colors, helping to maintain texture and appearance. In cleaning and textile processes, it acts as a water-softening agent by chelating hardness minerals. It is also used as an excipient in pharmaceuticals and as a humectant in some cosmetic formulations.

Safety and regulation: Sodium gluconate is generally regarded as safe for use in foods and cosmetics in many jurisdictions, with low acute toxicity. It may cause mild irritation on sensitive skin or eyes in some individuals, and standard handling precautions apply in industrial settings.

See also: gluconic acid, gluconate.